ealworms, the larval stage of the darkling beetle Tenebrio molitorLinnaeus, are one of the most extensively studied and utilized insect species worldwide. Belonging to the family Tenebrionidae within the order Coleoptera, these elongated, cylindrical larvae have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable adaptability, nutritional density, and diverse applications across agriculture, food science, medicine, and environmental management. Native to temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North America, mealworms have successfully colonized artificial habitats globally, thanks to their ability to thrive on a wide range of organic substrates and tolerate fluctuating environmental conditions. This comprehensive overview aims to explore the biolo ...